Thursday, January 12, 2017

Climbing Jennings Peak in Winter

William, Gail, and John at Jennings Peak overlooking Sandwich Dome
William, Gail, and John at Jennings Peak overlooking Sandwich Dome

Jennings Peak (3440′) is a 52-with-a-View mountain in Waterville Valley at the top of Acteon Ridge. It has a great view of massive Sandwich Dome Mountain (shown above) which at 3993′ is just seven feet shy of being a 4000 footer.

I climbed in on a frosty day with four other hikers from the Random Group of Hikers, a 5000+ person Meetup Group, on a trip organized by my friend John Lagasse, who I hadn't seen in a few years. We climbed Jennings by doing a loop hike, climbing the Sandwich Mountain Trail to the Jennings Spur Path and then descending on the Drakes Brook Trail.

The trail was packed out most of the way up, so we only needed microspikes for the climb. We carried snowshoes anyway, a prudent call since you never know what trail conditions will be like on some of the lesser climbing winter peaks. Anything that's not a 4000 footer in the Whites is a lesser-climbed peak.

Sachem Peak seen from Jennings Peak
Sachem Peak seen from Jennings Peak

But the Sandwich Mountain Trail was unrelentingly steep. It started with a bridged (snow-bridge that is) crossing over Drakes Brook and then climbed 2000′ almost non-stop. It levels off shortly before the spur path to Jennings Peak, which winds through krumholz to several nice viewpoints.

The last time I climbed Jennings was in 2010 and I'd pretty much forgotten everything about the route, so it felt like I was hiking it for the first time. The last time the summits had been in and out of the fog, so I was hoping for better views this time. In addition to Sandwich Dome, I wanted to catch a glimpse of Sachem Peak, a small mountain below Jennings that I bushwhacked a few years ago. The view of the Sachem Peak cliff-face and summit was spectacular from Jennings.

When we started this hike the temperature at the trailhead had been 0 degrees and it didn't go up much from there. So after summiting Jennings, we hiked back down via the Drakes Brook Trail which terminates at the same trailhead where we started.

We'd had a great hike, I saw some old friends – John and William, and met some new ones – Brian and Gail. Not a bad way to spend 5.5 hours on a winter day.

Approximate distance: 6 miles with 2000′ of elevation gain.

Jennings Peak (3440') is a 52-with-a-View Peak in Waterville Valley, NH
Jennings Peak (3440′) is a 52-with-a-View Peak in Waterville Valley, NH, (click for downloadable PDF)


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IndieView with Sharon Duerst, author of Mending Stone

My college aged kids said not to worry, if somehow I was still unpublished when I died, they'd see the story finally got out there. I thought that was sweet. And unacceptable! 

Sharon Duerst – 12 January 2017

The Back Flap

Captivating story of betrayal, friendship, and loss…with a satisfying outcome of hope. Richly descriptive spiritual mystery with vivid, true-to-life experiences of discovery. Tumultuous journeys of love from the Northwest to the South, and beyond.

About the book

What is the book about?

A thirty-something woman living in Portland, Oregon struggles with her life. Mia is building a business with husband, Tim, but there's little time for friends or fun. She's become distant with family in Texas. Longing for change, Mia tries to start a family, but after several mishaps, she is still childless and at loose ends. A frightening and sad dream of an unknown woman compels her to action. But is it too late to save her marriage and the relationship with family? Shocking loss and revelations cast doubt on everything she thought was her life. Odd clues and dreams of the woman catapult her on a journey in search of someone, somewhere with answers.

When did you start writing the book?

I began writing Mending Stone in 1996, a year after having a strange dream about two unknown women of different ages but with similar heartache. Their distress was so real I could not put it away! I wrote to discover more who they were, where they lived, what happened in their lives.  

How long did it take you to write it?

The first draft took 9 months to hand write on dozens of small pieces of paper I later taped together and had typed onto computer disk. I tried unsuccessfully to get an agent or publisher. I took a full time job and did not work on the story for several years, but it was still on my mind. I worked on it, sent it out again to no avail. I always believed in the basic story, but I knew I could improve my writing. And I needed to go to the places I had researched and written. I went deep into Mexico for two weeks in 2005. And I visited Texas in 2008. Photos helped me insert new details and develop more compelling lines.

Where did you get the idea from?

The strange and compelling dream of the two women and their heartache was the impetus to start writing. I had to figure out their lives and the people in them. I decided on a possible connection between them which led to the beginning and a possible ending. Their heartache was strong, but it took a long time to understand what it was telling me!

Were there any parts of the book where you struggled?

The women in the dream seemed to be from Texas and Mexico. But why? I had not been to either place. I researched the Yucatan region of Mexico and discovered a book written in the 1960's by a Maryknoll Sister/scientist who had lived and worked there. Her last name was the same as my maiden name. I thought it was a sign! I wrote the story, but it was all expository. The characters had little or nothing to say, though I felt the story deeply. I knew I had to change something. I wondered if setting the beginning in the Northwest would help me hear them. Once I moved it to Oregon, where I live, the characters began speaking!

What came easily?

I didn't want to tell readers what emotions were felt. I wanted the moods and intentions of the characters to be revealed with body language and action. I also used the natural elements of sun, wind, water, sky, and landscape to foreshadow emotion. Poetry helped the main character reveal her thoughts as she developed into a writer.  

Are your characters entirely fictitious or have you borrowed from real world people you know?

After finishing Mending Stone, I noticed some characters have traits in common with people I know or have met. But mostly the characters developed their own personalities and perspectives. They are real to me, as real as friends or family! I now know and love them!

We all know how important it is for writers to read. Are there any particular authors that have influenced how you write and, if so, how have they influenced you?

I don't know that any particular authors have influenced how or what I write. I do like reading complex stories of families, of cultures different from my own. I tend not to read much while in the process of writing. Once I finish, I break for the outdoors! I love to work in the yard, walk, visit with friends and family. I re-engage with the world! Then I start hungering for a good book to read. I like a lot of current authors and the different ways they present their work. And I like poetic prose. The first poet I remember reading way back in elementary school was Emily Dickinson; her poems, steeped in symbolism, allude to things I still struggle to understand. But I am intrigued with cadence and I try to establish a certain flow to my writing.   

Do you have a target reader?

Women 18 and up tend to relate well to the issues of the characters. Travel, family, friendship, love, mystery, and faith are prominent themes in the Possibility Series (Mending Stone is book 1 in the continuing story.)    

About Writing

Do you have a writing process? If so can you please describe it?

I begin writing in my mind, mulling over emotions I am feeling from characters and trying to find their words. When their chatter in my head is too loud to ignore, I sit down and write whatever comes. Usually the first few sittings are erratic. I don't worry about how the various segments will fit together, I just put them down. This can go on for months! Eventually I become committed and obsessed with getting the ever more developing story out of my head and onto the page! Details pop into my mind as I walk, or while I'm working outside, or when I'm sewing. Working on other creative projects seems to help the writing develop.

Do you outline? If so, do you do so extensively or just chapter headings and a couple of sentences?

I don't outline, but sometimes I jot down possible ways a story might go or specific details I want to remember to include. I don't usually have any idea where the story is going, or what themes will emerge. After I've written most of a book, I figure out a title. I list coordinating chapter headings and work the words and details into each chapter. I enjoy the conceptual part of that process very much. I developed a vision or story board early on for Mending Stone by cutting and pasting pictures and words from magazines. But I haven't done that for the following two books.   

Do you edit as you go or wait until you've finished?

I tend to edit as a way of getting unstuck when reaching a standstill. Often taking the time to go back helps identify problems and clarifies new ideas.

Did you hire a professional editor?

I hired a professional editor for Mending Stone, though afterward, I made additional changes! The process of working with the editor helped me learn to convey the meaning behind what I wanted to express, and to say it more clearly.

Do you listen to music while you write? If yes, what gets the fingers tapping?

I listen to music while writing if the television program my husband is watching is too distracting! I like hits of the 1960's, 70's, and 80's especially. But sometimes it's current country. More often, I listen to singer songwriters of different genres and decades.

About Publishing

Did you submit your work to Agents?

I submitted my work to numerous agents over the years, and I received good comments from a few, but they did not feel strongly enough to take it on. Writing has been a part of my positions as a teacher, administrator, public relations director. But my foray into fiction really took hold with the story of Mending Stone.  

What made you decide to go Indie, whether self-publishing or with an indie publisher? Was it a particular event or a gradual process?

In 2006, ten years after beginning the story, I was diagnosed with a rare liver disease. My college aged kids said not to worry, if somehow I was still unpublished when I died, they'd see the story finally got out there. I thought that was sweet. And unacceptable! I would get my story out there myself! I refocused, rewrote yet again. Finally, a friend referred me to a small publisher, Henschel Haus Books, which liked the story and published the first edition of Mending Stone in 2011. Due to a distribution issue, I cancelled the contract and brought out a new edition with my own company, White Spring Publishing, in 2012. I did try again to get an agent or another publisher, but it did not happen. I do love doing my own layout, cover concepts, and marketing. And I love meeting people.

Did you get your book cover professionally done or did you do it yourself?

The first cover of Mending Stone was professionally designed by a graphic artist hired by the publisher (which I paid when cancelling my contract). Another graphic designer tweaked the original cover when I did the first update. The current cover was designed by my son who is a film director, editor, and screenwriter. The "storm of emotion" cover is a landscape photograph taken just before a summer hailstorm by my husband. It conveys so much about the story: changing conditions, beauty, landscape, travel.

Do you have a marketing plan for the book or are you just winging it?

I do about six appearances a year. I'm currently focusing on revamping my website and writing short pieces to coordinate with Mending Stone. I've drafted several publicity and other related newspaper articles. Personal appearances are really fun to do and comments from readers are the greatest reward for all the quiet hours writing!

Any advice that you would like to give to other newbies considering becoming Indie authors?

You will make mistakes, but do the work. Then get it out there! Be excited for all you've accomplished! But keep learning, keep heading for a smoother, more joyful process!

About You

Where did you grow up?

I'm a Northwest girl – I grew up on the Columbia River Gorge, went to college in the Willamette Valley, started my career and family on the Oregon coast.  

Where do you live now?

I now live in Central Oregon and love it!

What would you like readers to know about you?

I have a knack for finding 4-leaf clovers. I believe in dreams and the lasting connections we forge with others. I love to walk. I like reading and sewing and creative problem solving. And I love the thrill of writing and sharing insights with others. I need readers like flowers need sun and rain! Writing is the seed from which everything grows!

What are you working on now?

I've published two books after Mending Stone in the continuing story of the Possibility Series: Catching Rain in 2014, and Seeding Hope in 2016. I'm just beginning to think there might be a fourth book coming! But I'm working on a collection of family stories for young and old with spiritual twists and significant points. I plan to have it out in summer 2017.

End of Interview:

For more from Sharon, visit her website, follow her on Twitter, or like her Facebook page.

Get your copy of Mending Stone from Amazon US or Amazon UK.



from The IndieView http://ift.tt/2jnczV0

IndieView with Sharon Duerst, author of Mending Stone

My college aged kids said not to worry, if somehow I was still unpublished when I died, they’d see the story finally got out there. I thought that was sweet. And unacceptable! 

Sharon Duerst – 12 January 2017

The Back Flap

Captivating story of betrayal, friendship, and loss…with a satisfying outcome of hope. Richly descriptive spiritual mystery with vivid, true-to-life experiences of discovery. Tumultuous journeys of love from the Northwest to the South, and beyond.

About the book

What is the book about?

A thirty-something woman living in Portland, Oregon struggles with her life. Mia is building a business with husband, Tim, but there’s little time for friends or fun. She’s become distant with family in Texas. Longing for change, Mia tries to start a family, but after several mishaps, she is still childless and at loose ends. A frightening and sad dream of an unknown woman compels her to action. But is it too late to save her marriage and the relationship with family? Shocking loss and revelations cast doubt on everything she thought was her life. Odd clues and dreams of the woman catapult her on a journey in search of someone, somewhere with answers.

When did you start writing the book?

I began writing Mending Stone in 1996, a year after having a strange dream about two unknown women of different ages but with similar heartache. Their distress was so real I could not put it away! I wrote to discover more who they were, where they lived, what happened in their lives.  

How long did it take you to write it?

The first draft took 9 months to hand write on dozens of small pieces of paper I later taped together and had typed onto computer disk. I tried unsuccessfully to get an agent or publisher. I took a full time job and did not work on the story for several years, but it was still on my mind. I worked on it, sent it out again to no avail. I always believed in the basic story, but I knew I could improve my writing. And I needed to go to the places I had researched and written. I went deep into Mexico for two weeks in 2005. And I visited Texas in 2008. Photos helped me insert new details and develop more compelling lines.

Where did you get the idea from?

The strange and compelling dream of the two women and their heartache was the impetus to start writing. I had to figure out their lives and the people in them. I decided on a possible connection between them which led to the beginning and a possible ending. Their heartache was strong, but it took a long time to understand what it was telling me!

Were there any parts of the book where you struggled?

The women in the dream seemed to be from Texas and Mexico. But why? I had not been to either place. I researched the Yucatan region of Mexico and discovered a book written in the 1960’s by a Maryknoll Sister/scientist who had lived and worked there. Her last name was the same as my maiden name. I thought it was a sign! I wrote the story, but it was all expository. The characters had little or nothing to say, though I felt the story deeply. I knew I had to change something. I wondered if setting the beginning in the Northwest would help me hear them. Once I moved it to Oregon, where I live, the characters began speaking!

What came easily?

I didn’t want to tell readers what emotions were felt. I wanted the moods and intentions of the characters to be revealed with body language and action. I also used the natural elements of sun, wind, water, sky, and landscape to foreshadow emotion. Poetry helped the main character reveal her thoughts as she developed into a writer.  

Are your characters entirely fictitious or have you borrowed from real world people you know?

After finishing Mending Stone, I noticed some characters have traits in common with people I know or have met. But mostly the characters developed their own personalities and perspectives. They are real to me, as real as friends or family! I now know and love them!

We all know how important it is for writers to read. Are there any particular authors that have influenced how you write and, if so, how have they influenced you?

I don’t know that any particular authors have influenced how or what I write. I do like reading complex stories of families, of cultures different from my own. I tend not to read much while in the process of writing. Once I finish, I break for the outdoors! I love to work in the yard, walk, visit with friends and family. I re-engage with the world! Then I start hungering for a good book to read. I like a lot of current authors and the different ways they present their work. And I like poetic prose. The first poet I remember reading way back in elementary school was Emily Dickinson; her poems, steeped in symbolism, allude to things I still struggle to understand. But I am intrigued with cadence and I try to establish a certain flow to my writing.   

Do you have a target reader?

Women 18 and up tend to relate well to the issues of the characters. Travel, family, friendship, love, mystery, and faith are prominent themes in the Possibility Series (Mending Stone is book 1 in the continuing story.)    

About Writing

Do you have a writing process? If so can you please describe it?

I begin writing in my mind, mulling over emotions I am feeling from characters and trying to find their words. When their chatter in my head is too loud to ignore, I sit down and write whatever comes. Usually the first few sittings are erratic. I don’t worry about how the various segments will fit together, I just put them down. This can go on for months! Eventually I become committed and obsessed with getting the ever more developing story out of my head and onto the page! Details pop into my mind as I walk, or while I’m working outside, or when I’m sewing. Working on other creative projects seems to help the writing develop.

Do you outline? If so, do you do so extensively or just chapter headings and a couple of sentences?

I don’t outline, but sometimes I jot down possible ways a story might go or specific details I want to remember to include. I don’t usually have any idea where the story is going, or what themes will emerge. After I’ve written most of a book, I figure out a title. I list coordinating chapter headings and work the words and details into each chapter. I enjoy the conceptual part of that process very much. I developed a vision or story board early on for Mending Stone by cutting and pasting pictures and words from magazines. But I haven’t done that for the following two books.   

Do you edit as you go or wait until you’ve finished?

I tend to edit as a way of getting unstuck when reaching a standstill. Often taking the time to go back helps identify problems and clarifies new ideas.

Did you hire a professional editor?

I hired a professional editor for Mending Stone, though afterward, I made additional changes! The process of working with the editor helped me learn to convey the meaning behind what I wanted to express, and to say it more clearly.

Do you listen to music while you write? If yes, what gets the fingers tapping?

I listen to music while writing if the television program my husband is watching is too distracting! I like hits of the 1960’s, 70’s, and 80’s especially. But sometimes it’s current country. More often, I listen to singer songwriters of different genres and decades.

About Publishing

Did you submit your work to Agents?

I submitted my work to numerous agents over the years, and I received good comments from a few, but they did not feel strongly enough to take it on. Writing has been a part of my positions as a teacher, administrator, public relations director. But my foray into fiction really took hold with the story of Mending Stone.  

What made you decide to go Indie, whether self-publishing or with an indie publisher? Was it a particular event or a gradual process?

In 2006, ten years after beginning the story, I was diagnosed with a rare liver disease. My college aged kids said not to worry, if somehow I was still unpublished when I died, they’d see the story finally got out there. I thought that was sweet. And unacceptable! I would get my story out there myself! I refocused, rewrote yet again. Finally, a friend referred me to a small publisher, Henschel Haus Books, which liked the story and published the first edition of Mending Stone in 2011. Due to a distribution issue, I cancelled the contract and brought out a new edition with my own company, White Spring Publishing, in 2012. I did try again to get an agent or another publisher, but it did not happen. I do love doing my own layout, cover concepts, and marketing. And I love meeting people.

Did you get your book cover professionally done or did you do it yourself?

The first cover of Mending Stone was professionally designed by a graphic artist hired by the publisher (which I paid when cancelling my contract). Another graphic designer tweaked the original cover when I did the first update. The current cover was designed by my son who is a film director, editor, and screenwriter. The “storm of emotion” cover is a landscape photograph taken just before a summer hailstorm by my husband. It conveys so much about the story: changing conditions, beauty, landscape, travel.

Do you have a marketing plan for the book or are you just winging it?

I do about six appearances a year. I’m currently focusing on revamping my website and writing short pieces to coordinate with Mending Stone. I’ve drafted several publicity and other related newspaper articles. Personal appearances are really fun to do and comments from readers are the greatest reward for all the quiet hours writing!

Any advice that you would like to give to other newbies considering becoming Indie authors?

You will make mistakes, but do the work. Then get it out there! Be excited for all you’ve accomplished! But keep learning, keep heading for a smoother, more joyful process!

About You

Where did you grow up?

I’m a Northwest girl – I grew up on the Columbia River Gorge, went to college in the Willamette Valley, started my career and family on the Oregon coast.  

Where do you live now?

I now live in Central Oregon and love it!

What would you like readers to know about you?

I have a knack for finding 4-leaf clovers. I believe in dreams and the lasting connections we forge with others. I love to walk. I like reading and sewing and creative problem solving. And I love the thrill of writing and sharing insights with others. I need readers like flowers need sun and rain! Writing is the seed from which everything grows!

What are you working on now?

I’ve published two books after Mending Stone in the continuing story of the Possibility Series: Catching Rain in 2014, and Seeding Hope in 2016. I’m just beginning to think there might be a fourth book coming! But I’m working on a collection of family stories for young and old with spiritual twists and significant points. I plan to have it out in summer 2017.

End of Interview:

For more from Sharon, visit her website, follow her on Twitter, or like her Facebook page.

Get your copy of Mending Stone from Amazon US or Amazon UK.



from The IndieView http://ift.tt/2jnczV0

Wednesday, January 11, 2017

Pacerpole Dual Lock Trekking Poles

Pacerpole Dual Lock trekking poles are three section, adjustable carbon fiber hiking poles with a top lever lock and a bottom pin lock.
Pacerpole Dual Lock trekking poles are three section, adjustable carbon fiber hiking poles with a top lever lock and a bottom pin lock.

Pacerpole Trekking Poles are now available with a lever lock and pin (dual lock) system in addition to the twist-lock system available previously. I'm a huge fan of Pacerpoles, which have a unique angled pistol-style grip that eliminates wrist fatigue and force you to hike with a more erect and energy-efficient posture.

The new dual lock system is available on Pacerpole's three-section carbon fiber poles. The upper lever lock between the upper and middle sections allows for smooth extension, collapse, and adjustments to personalize the shaft height. The lower lock between the middle and lower sections is pin-based and fixed length. Simply extend the lower section and it locks in place. Push in the pin with the side of your index finger to release it and collapse the section.

The Dual Lock poles have tungsten tips and removable keeper cords on the handles. They also come with snow baskets, summer baskets, and rubber tips which you can attach depending on your needs. They are also compatible with Pacerpole's neoprene pogie system designed for cold weather hiking, which cover the hand grips with neoprene mitt and are very popular with winter hikers.

The new locking system is simply divine – an important improvement for hikers who've grown accustomed to the no-slip lever locks popularized by Black Diamond trekking poles. I put up with the old Pacerpole twist lock system because their poles were so useful despite it, but have switched to the new dual lock carbon fiber poles because they are so much more secure and reliable. It's not that the twist locks didn't work, but they required a lot of extra care that I can now dispense with by upgrading to the dual lock Pacerpoles.

I've written about the benefits of Pacerpoles quite extensively. See these posts for more information:

Here are the specs for the new Dual lock Pacerpoles:

    • Price: 107 British Pounds (4 week money back guarantee) / ~$132.00, USD
    • Package includes: mesh storage bag, two snow baskets, two rubber tips (summer baskets included on poles)
    • Max length: 133 cm / 52.4 inches
    • Min usable length: 97 cm / 38 inches
    • Collapsed length: 65 cm / 25.6 inches
    • Disassembled length: 56 cm / 22 inches
    • Weight (without rubber tips): 570 grams / 20.1 ounces

Visit Pacerpole.com to order.

A Section Hiker named Popsicle, sporting Pacer Poles
An Appalachian Trail section hiker named Popsicle, sporting Pacerpoles in Shenandoah National Park, who I met on the trail. 

Disclosure: Pacerpole provided the author with a sample pair of dual-lock poles but I wasn't under any obligation to review them. I am extremely grateful that I tried their unique trekking poles several years ago, which helped transform my posture and cure a chronic leg injury, making it possible for me to go on extended backpacking trips. I'm happy to share my experiences with their products with other hikers because I think they're brilliant and a great value. I won't use any trekking poles except Pacerpoles. Pacerpole is a small cottage industry business located in the UK's Lake District. 



from Section Hikers Backpacking Blog http://ift.tt/2imqDjh

Tuesday, January 10, 2017

Backcountry Navigation with Incomplete or Out-of-Date Maps

Maps can be outdated and contain many errors. This USGS map shows a the hastings hiking trail which was closed in the mid-1950's. The town of Hastings no longer exists.
The United States Geological Survey stopped sending field observers to verify and update the location and existence of recreational trails, power lines, rail lines, pipelines, remote roads, campgrounds, and property boundaries by 1990. As a result many backcountry maps have out-of-date and incorrect information. The USGS map shown here shows a hiking trail which closed by 1950 and a town which disappeared in 1918. The new USGS National Map published in 2009 doesn't display any of these entities.

It's important to understand the limitations of incomplete or out-of-date maps for backcountry navigation since so many mapping applications, GPS units, and GPS-enabled smartphone apps are built around them. It's not just old maps that are full of errors and out of date-information, but also crowd-sourced map layers that assemble observations from multiple contributors without good editorial standards or field verification.

Despite these map quality deficiencies, expert wilderness navigators have developed techniques to make good backcountry navigation decisions and avoid getting lost. What strategies do they use to plan routes, identify mapping discrepancies, stay found in the field, and reach their navigational objectives?

The Limitations of Map Accuracy

If you thought that backcountry mapping data would be accurate and complete in this day and age, you're in for a big surprise. It's not, in large part because the USGS (United States Geological Survey) stopped sending field observers to verify non-topographic features such as roads, recreational trails, pipelines, powerlines, mountain peak labels or elevations, pubic buildings and structures, railroads, remote roads, campgrounds by 1990 due to budget constraints. The new National Map which started coming out in 2009 has none of these features, so you have to rely on 50's-era historic USGS maps, even if they're out of date.

What kind of information is missing, out-of-date, or incorrect on older USGS maps or current backcountry maps produced by third parties?

  • Maps leave out information useful for route finding such as property lines, old roads, ski trails, snowmobile trails, power lines, and are often quite activity-specific for hiking, mountain-biking, skiing, etc. rather than general purpose.
  • Maps capture a snapshot in time and are often considerably out of date due to changes to the physical landscape caused by avalanches or floods, bridge washouts, trail closings, road construction, business closings, etc.
  • Maps don't reflect local weather patterns, snow coverage, avalanche danger, water levels, drought conditions, fire conditions, forest coverage, or vegetation density which can all throw a serious wrench into your intended route.
  • Map scale may be too abstract (for example the 1:100,000 scale maps provided with many GPS units) to provide enough information to make good route decisions for foot-travel.
My Map Drawer: I use multiple maps whenever I plan off-trail trips and collect new ones that might be relevant for my area.
My map drawer: I use multiple maps whenever I plan off-trail trips and collect new ones that might be relevant for my area since they contain different information.

Expert Navigation Strategies

Expert navigators use three core strategies to cope with incomplete, out-of-date, and incorrect maps during the planning and travelk phases of backcountry trips.

  1. Gathering map and route information from multiple sources, including historical sources
  2. Knowing how to stay found by following landforms, often called handrails.
  3. Taking the most energy-efficient route to a destination.

Gathering Maps and Route Information from Multiple Sources

When planning routes, it's good to collect route information from multiple sources. One strategy is to collect different paper maps, including activity-specific maps for hiking, skiing, or snowmobiling. Knowing that you're likely to come across a snowmobile trail, can be a good clue about your location if you don't have or use a GPS. That same trail can provide an easier route than plunging off-trail into dense vegetation or deep snow if it goes in the direction you want to go.

In addition to paper maps, many online planning tools such as Caltopo.com and Hillmap.com include free maps, historical maps, and satellite imagery that you can use to plan routes. They also let you superimpose them on top of one another, called layering (illustrated below), which is useful for combining them into a single composite view.

Local trip reports published online by other hikers, online discussion groups, weather forecasts, regional weather patterns, fire history, river gauges and avalanche forecasts can also provide valuable information for planning routes.

What backcountry streams are near hiking trails? Google Map overlaid with Hiking Trails from OpenStreetMap in Caltopo.com.
An example of two overlaid maps: Google Maps is overlaid with crowd-sourced hiking trail routes from the OpenStreetMap using the Caltopo.com online mapping tool.

Knowing How to Stay Found by following Landforms

One of the marks of an expert navigator is defining and using routes that follow obvious terrain features, often called handrails. This is a good fall-back strategy when roads or existing trails don't head in the direction you need to walk or you don't know about them. Handrails include rivers, streams, mountain passes, ridgeline, and other easy to follow landforms that make it possible to know where you are with reasonable certainty.

It also means that you don't have to constantly check your a GPS or compass to make sure you're on the right bearing. For example, you can hike beside a river, hike through a valley, or climb a ridgeline shown on your map and know where you are as long as you walk adjacent or on that landform. You can link together these handrails with other landmarks like stream crossings or mountain summits to form easy to follow routes and always know where you are.

Hike along the logging road until you come to a stream, then head up the ridge to the summit of Bald Peak.
Some handrail examples: Hike along the river on what looks like an old forest road until you come to a stream, then head south up the ridge to the summit of Bald Peak.

Taking the Most Energy Efficient Route

A third navigation strategy use by expert navigators is the notion of energy efficiency, or following the route that uses the least amount of energy to get to your destination. If you watch animals in the wild or come across game trails, you'll see that they take the easiest route to get from one place to another.

This strategy is especially relevant for GPS unit or GPS-smartphone app users, since an as-the-bird-flies route plotted from one waypoint to another by a GPS device is often not the most energy-efficient route to take.

If your map(s) depicts hiking trails, logging roads, forest service roads, or powerlines, they can be the most expeditious way to get from one point to another. But in their absence, you need to fall back on heuristics about different landforms, whether they're easy to follow, or whether they should be avoided.

For instance, certain landforms are not easy to hike along or traverse, such as stream gullies which fill up with dense vegetation or crossing steep slopes which are to contain fallen trees and rock debris. Hiking around these obstacles rather than picking your way through them is much easier, faster, and safer.

Wrap Up

Becoming a good backcountry navigator takes practice, especially because you'll usually be using maps that have inaccurate or out-of-date information. Knowing how to obtain and assemble different mapping sources; understanding what's information is accurate, what's missing, and what's probably out of date; and how to navigate efficiently in the field using natural features; are all the marks of an expert navigator.

It doesn't matter if you hike, bike, backcountry ski, or hunt or if you use a compass, GPS unit, smartphone app to follow a route, incomplete and out-of-date maps are the norm and here to stay. Learn how to find your way across the landscape despite them and you'll be self-sufficient.



from Section Hikers Backpacking Blog http://ift.tt/2ihpgSO

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